أهمية السدودأنعم الله علينا بأنواع

أهمية السدود
أنعم الله علينا بأنواع الخيرات التي لا تعد ولا تحصى . ومن هذه النعم، الأمطار والبحار والينابيع و الأنهار التي تشق البراري وتقطع آلاف الأميال لتنعم علينا بالحياة، فقد ارتبطت الحياة بالماء، قال تعالى: وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاء كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ، وهي نعمة منّ الله تعالى منّ بها على الناس، قال تعالى: قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ مَاؤُكُمْ غَوْرًا فَمَن يَأْتِيكُم بِمَاء مَّعِينٍ.
فكيف استفاد الناس من نعمة الماء وكيف فكروا بالمحافظة على تلك النعمة ؟
بالطبع بانشاء السدود لما لها أهمية كبيرة في الحياة وقد أدركت الدول القديمة منذ قدم التاريخ وعلى سبيل المثال بدءا من سد مأرب في اليمن وحديثا مثل السد العالي في مصر .
فالقرن الماضي شهد العالم بناء أكثر من خمسة وأربعين ألف من السدود الكبيرة التي يبلغ إرتفاعه أكثر من 15 متر أما السدود الصغيرة التي لا تتجاوز 15 متر فهي تبلغ 800,000 سد حول العالم منها في الولايات المتحدة وحدها 96,000

ومن أسباب أهمية بناء السدود أذكر الأسباب التالية :

1 - توفير مياه الشرب لبعض المناطق التي يقل فيها الماء بالإستفادة من مياه الأمطار حتى لا تذهب سدى
2- السدود من العوامل الاساسية لازدهار الحياة الزراعية في البدان التى تعتمد على الموارد الزراعية في اقتصادها والثروة الحيوانية ويترتب على بناء السدود توسيع الاراضي المزروعة مع تنويع الزراعة فيها واقامة مشاريع زراعية ضخمة
3- أثر السدود في تلطيف المناخ . لا بد من ان ننوه بفعالية السدود والبرك في تلطيف المناخ ، وبالتالي زيادة كميات الامطار اإن هذا القول مدعوم بتجارب الولايات المتحدة الاميركية من خلال النتائج النفعية لبناء وادي تنسي الاميركية . فقد تحسن المناخ في المنطقة المجاورة للسد على أثر اقامته
4 - السدود هى وسيلة هامة لحفظ التربة من الإنجراف أثناء انحدار السيول عندما تكون الأمطار غزيرة وهذا يسهم في التقليل من كمية التربة المجروفة ومساحتها والاضرار الكبيرة والبعيدة المدى الناشئة عنها مثل إنهيار المنازل التي تتأثر بفعل السيول.
5 - السدود وتوفير المياه للمواشي والمراعي وإنشاء مراع خصبة لها . فمن أهم ما يعوق زيادة الثروة الحيوانية هو قلة المياه وجفاف المراعي .
6 - السدود وتأثيرها على مياه الينابيع . من المسلم به ان طريقة جريان مياه الشتاء لها علاقة وثيقة بوجود الينابيع او عدم وجودها . فعندما تهطل الامطار بغزارة وتجري سيولاً كبيرة ، لا تغور المياه في التربة لتظهر من بعد كعيون في مناطق اخرى ، بل تكمل انحدارها وتجرف التربة معها ويذهب معظمها سدى . وهذا الوضع يتغير كلياً عند اقامة السدود ، ذلك ان السد يجمع المياه ويحفظها في منطقة محصورة . واذا ما تيسر لهذه المياه المتجمعة ان تتسرب تدريجياً الى جوف الارض ، فانها تأخذ مجراها الطبيعي بين طبقات الارض وتظهر ، احياناً ، على شكل عيون عذبة .
7 - توليد الطاقة الكهربائية الأقل ضررا على البيئة من السدود و بأسعار رخيصة .
8 - بالنسبة للأنهار التي تقام عليها السدود لا ننسى بأن هذه السدود مهمتها الأولى الحفاظ على مستوى الأنهر لغرض حركة اليخوت والقوارب ما بين أجزاء الأنهر التي تفصلها السدود. وهنا نعطي مثلاً نهر التيمز الذي يخترق لندن واستعمالها كجسور لانتقال العربات أو الأشخاص وغيرهم من ضفة إلى أخرى، وكذلك لنقل الأسلاك وأنابيب المياه والغاز
9 - الحماية من الفيضانات التي تهدد حياة الناس و ممتلكاتهم ، ومن واقع الحياة فإن مناطق الزراعة الخصبة غالباً ما تكون عـــرضة للفيضانات وقد بنيت سدود كثيرة في العالم للحماية من مخاطر الفيضانات وبذلك تضمن أيضا عدم رحيل سكان تلك المناطق .
10 - فوائد سياحية كثيرة بالاستفادة من بحيرات السدود و جعلها مصدر رئيسى لاقتصاد المنطقة
11- التغذية الجوفية لباطن الأرض ومنع التصحر والزحف الصحراوي.

Results (English) 1:

Importance of damsWe blessed with the kinds of good things which are innumerable. These blessings, rain and seas, springs and rivers make the Prairies and cut thousands of miles for us, life has been associated with water, the Almighty said: and we made from water every living thing, is a blessing from Allaah from its people, the Almighty said: say what do you think that your water has become a Gora it comes with water.How people have benefited from the blessing of the water and how to think about maintaining those grace?Of course the dams which have great importance in the life of the old States have recognized since the date provided, for example from a dam of Marib in Yemen recently, like the High Dam in Egypt. Last century, the world has witnessed the building of more than forty five thousand of large dams which stands over 15 metres either small dams that do not exceed 15 meters are reported around the world, including 800,000 dam in the United States alone 96000One of the reasons for the importance of building dams, remember the following:1. provision of drinking water to some areas where water utilizing rainwater so no vain2. dams, fundamental to the prosperity of agricultural life in countries that depend on agricultural resources in its economy, livestock and implications of dam construction to expand cultivated land with the diversification of agriculture and agricultural ventures are huge3. impact of dams in moderating climate. We must acknowledge the effectiveness of dams and ponds in moderating climate, thereby increasing precipitation if this assertion is supported by the experiences of the USA through the utilitarian consequences of building a memorable Valley. The climate has improved in the vicinity of the dam on the impact of residence4. the dams are an important means of keeping the soil from erosion during the downhill when heavy rains torrents and this contributes to reducing the quantity of dredged soil covering and large and far-reaching damage arising therefrom, such as the collapse of houses affected by the floods.5. the dams and providing water for livestock, pasture and create fertile pastures. It is the most important impediments to increased livestock is the lack of water and dry grassland.6. the dams and their impact on springs. Admittedly, the way winter runoff has a close relationship with the existence or non-existence of springs. When rainfall is abundant and place large streams, not sunken water in the soil to appear as eyes in other regions, but they complement and washing away soil and mostly goes to waste. This situation changed entirely when dams, dam water collects and saves in a restricted area. If for the storm water that gradually soaks into the ground, it takes normal between the layers of the Earth and appears, sometimes in the form of fresh eyes.7. electricity generation the least damaging to the environment than dams and cheap prices.8. for rivers the dams do not forget that these dams first task to maintain the level of rivers for the purpose of yachts & boats movement between parts separated by dams rivers. Here we give, for example, the Thames, which runs through London and used as bridges for transfer vehicles or persons and other Bank to another, as well as to move the wires and pipes for water and gas9. protection from floods that threaten people's lives and property, and real-life the fertile farming areas often p trauma to flood many dams have been built in the world for flood risk protection and thereby also ensure no departure of the inhabitants of those regions.10. the benefits of many tourist take advantage of reservoirs and make them the main source of economy of region11. recharge of the ground and prevent desertification and desert sprawl.

Results (English) 2:

The importance of dams
we are blessed with the types of goods which are innumerable. One of these blessings, rain and seas, springs and rivers that run through the prairies and cut thousands of miles to enjoy us life, it has been associated with life-water, he says: We made ​​from water every living thing, which is the blessing of Almighty God of the people, he says: Say: Do you see that Maakm become Gora it comes to you a particular water.
How benefited people from the grace of the water and how to think about the preservation of such grace?
Of course, the establishment of dams because of their great importance in life have realized the old countries since as history and, for example, starting from the dam of Marib in Yemen and more recently, such as the High Dam in Egypt.
century is the last the world saw the construction of more than forty-five thousand of large dams with a height of more than 15 meters, while small dams that do not exceed 15 meters, it reported 800,000 dam around the world, including in the United States alone 96,000 One reason for the importance of building dams recall reasons the following: 1 - to provide drinking water to some areas where the water at least to benefit from rainwater so do not go in vain 2. dams of the main factors for the prosperity of agricultural life in Albadan that depend on agricultural resources in the economy, livestock and the consequent construction of dams expansion of cultivated land with the diversification Agriculture and the establishment of a massive agricultural projects 3. Impact of dams in mitigating climate. It is necessary to note that the effectiveness of dams and ponds in mitigating climate, thereby increasing the amount of rain to say that this is supported experiments the United States through the results utilitarian to build and Tennessee Valley US. Climate has improved in the vicinity of the dam at the impact of his 4 - dams is an important way to save the soil from erosion during the decline of the floods when rains are heavy and this contributes to reduce the amount of dredged soil and the area and damage large and long-term arising from them such as the collapse of houses affected by the floods. 5 - dams and providing water for livestock and grazing pastures and the establishment of her fertile. It is the most important impediments to increased livestock is the lack of water and pasture land dried up. 6 - dams and their impact on the spring water. It is recognized that the way the winter water flow has a close relationship with the presence of springs or lack thereof. When the rains profusely and being a big floods, the water does not sink into the soil to appear after as the eyes of the other regions, but rather complement its decline and washing away the soil with it and most of them go to waste. This situation changed completely when the dams, so that the dam collects water and keep it in a confined area. If the availability of this accumulated water to seep gradually to the underground, it takes normal between the earth layers show, sometimes, in the form of fresh eyes. 7 - electric power generation least harmful to the environment of dams and cheap prices. 8 - for rivers that are held the dams do not forget that these dams first mission to maintain the level of the rivers for the purpose of yachts and boats movement between parts of the river that separates the dams. Here we give, for example, the Thames River, which runs through London and use as bridges to move vehicles or persons and others from the West to the other, as well as to transfer the wires, water pipes and gas 9 - protection from floods that threaten people's lives and their property, and the reality of life, the farming areas of fertile often prone to flooding Many dams have been built in the world to protect against flood risk and thus also ensure that the departure of the inhabitants of those areas. 10 - many tourist benefits of taking advantage of dam lakes and make it a major source of the region's economy 11. Nutrition groundwater to the ground and prevent desertification and crawling desert.

Results (English) 3:

The importance of the dams
God has blessed us with good works which are internally. It is these blessings rain, springs, rivers, seas and into the wild and thousands of miles to us of life, has been linked to the life of water, he says.Wajaalnaa of Almaa kullu syain Hayaen, a blessing from God blessed them to people, he says, say Aaraaaytum if has become Maaukum Ghawrana who Yaateykum Bemaa Maaeynen.
How can people benefited from the blessing of the water and how they maintain their blessing? "Of course, the establishment of dams because of its great importance in life has been recognized since ancient history, for example, ranging from the Marib dam in Yemen, and the like. Higher in Egypt.
The last century, the world has witnessed over one thousand forty-five of large dams that its height is more than 15 meters of the small dams up to 15 m are reported. 800,000 dams around the world, in the United States alone. 96,000

One reason for the importance of building dams, recall the following:

1. The water supply to some areas where the water by rain water, so don't go to waste. "2. The embankments of the fundamentals of the prosperity of farming life in countries that rely on agricultural resources economy, livestock, with the dam construction, expansion of cultivated lands the diversification of agriculture and agricultural projects.3. The impact of dams in mitigating climate change.We must acknowledge the effectiveness of dams and ponds to ease the atmosphere, thus increasing the quantities of rain Aan this assertion is supported by us through the beneficial results. American Tennessee Valley construction.The improved atmosphere in the vicinity of the dam at the effect his
4. The dams are an important means of keeping the soil of the slope drift during floods when heavy rains which contributes to reducing the quantity of dredged soils and area and damage. Long-term and emerging from it, such as collapse of housesDue to the floods.
5. Dams and water for livestock and pastures, and a fertile. An important barrier to raising livestock is lack of water and dry pastures.
6. Dams and spring water.It is the method of winter water flow has a close relationship with springs or the lack of it.When it rains and streams is large, the water in the soil subsidence after the Kywn to appear in other areas, but also complements the falling soil with raze. Most of them are in vain.This situation changed completely when a dam so that the dam and water collects in the compartment.If the flow of this water accumulated to gradually seep into the hollow earth, they take the track, between the layers of the earth, and, sometimes, to form fresh eyes.
.7. The least damage to the environment of dams and power at bargain prices. "8. The dams are built for rivers do not forget that the dams first to maintain its level of rivers for the movement of boats and yachts between parts of the river. Separated by dikes.Here we give the example to the Thames River, which runs through London and use Kjswr wagons, moving persons and other banks, as well as for wires, water pipes, gas
9. The protection of the floods that threaten people's lives and property, and the reality of life, the fertile agricultural areas are often Rdt flood embankments were built. In the world of protection of flood risk, thus also ensure not to leaveThese regions.
10. Many tourist benefits making use of the dams and lakes, making them a major source of economy of region of
11. The groundwater recharge Lbatn land and desertification and decertification.