إذا طلبنا من الشخص العادي أن يكتب ق

إذا طلبنا من الشخص العادي أن يكتب قائمة بأكثر الأشياء أهمية بالنسبة له في جولة أنشطته اليومية، في الأغلب انها لن تشمل مفكرة أو صحيفة لتحديد "تاريخ اليوم". على الرغم من أنه في كل عصر ظهرت فيه حضارة، قديمة كانت أو حديثة، كانت أدوات تحديد التاريخ ونظم التقويم الزمني هي أشياء لا يمكن أبداً الاستغناء عنها.
التقاويم الزمنية المستخدمة اليوم هي نتاج قرون عديدة من الدراسة الدؤوبة والتجارب المستمرة المعتمدة على المحاولة والخطأ. فعندما بدأ الناس في مراقبة الأجرام السماوية كوسيلة لقياس الوقت، لاحظوا أن الشمس تبدو تتحرك باستمرار في السماء بشكل ثابت في رحلة متكررة، وتعود دائماً إلى نفس الموضع الذي بدأت منه بعد عدد معين من الأيام. (في الواقع، وبطبيعة الحال، إن الأرض هي التي تقوم بدورة سنوية حول الشمس ولكن تبدو تلك الدورة للمراقب من على سطح الأرض وكأن الشمس هي التي تقوم برحلة متكررة في السماء). كما لاحظوا أيضاً أن القمر يقوم بدورة خاصة به تستغرق عدد أقل من الأيام.
واستندت معظم التقاويم المبكرة على دورات القمر. ولقد تم عمل تلك التقاويم لتتلاءم بأفضل ما يمكن داخل الإطار الأوسع للدورة الشمسية (السنة الشمسية). فالسنة، في تلك التقاويم القمرية، تتألف عموماً من اثنتي عشرة دورة للقمر أو بالأحرى اثني عشر شهراً. وبما أن مجموع اثنتي عشرة دورة قمرية ليست متساوية تماماً مع السنة الشمسية، فإن شهراً إضافياً - يسمى الشهر المُقْحَم، أو المُولَج - تتم إضافته للتقويم من وقت لآخر. اعتمدت عدد من الشعوب القديمة على تلك الطريقة في حساب الوقت، وقد شمل ذلك البابليين والعبرانيين والأغريق، والرومان.

Results (English) 1:

If you asked the average person to write a list of the most important things for him in daily activities round, mostly it won't include a notebook or a newspaper to select today's date. Although in every age there is a civilization, ancient or modern, the tools to determine the date and calendar systems are things you could never do without.Time calendars used today are the product of centuries of diligent study and ongoing trials based on trial and error. When people started to observe the heavenly bodies as a means to measure time, they noticed that the Sun looks constantly moving in the heavens constantly recurring journey, and always come back to the same place you started it after a certain number of days. (Actually, of course, that the Earth is doing an annual cycle around the Sun but look to the observer on the surface of the Earth and the Sun are frequent flight in the sky). It also noted that the Moon generates its own cycle takes fewer days.Most early calendars were based on the cycles of the moon. And I've been doing those calendars to fit best within the wider framework of the solar cycle (solar year). In that year, Lunar calendars, generally consists of twelve lunar cycle or rather twelve months. Since the sum of twelve lunar cycle is not exactly equal with the solar year, the months-or intercalated month, called the Insert-add to calendar from time to time. A number of ancient peoples adopted that method in the calculation of the time, including the Babylonians, Hebrews and the Greeks and Romans.

Results (English) 2:

If you asked the average person to write a list of the most important things for him on a tour of his daily activities, mostly it will not include a notebook or newspaper to determine "today 's date." Although it is in every age it appeared civilization, old were or modern, was to determine the date systems and calendar tools are things that can never be dispensed with.
Time calendars used today are the product of many centuries of tireless and continuous experiments based on trial and error of the study. When people began to observe celestial bodies as a means of measuring time, they noticed that the sun seems to constantly moving in the sky are constantly repeated in the trip, I always return to the same place where it began after a certain number of days. (In fact, of course, that the earth is that the annual cycle around the sun, but look for an observer from the surface of that session as if the sun is doing frequent trip in the sky). They also observed that the moon does its own cycle takes fewer days.
Most of the early calendars were based on the cycles of the moon. We have been the work of those calendars to fit in as best they can within the broader framework of the solar cycle (solar year). The Sunnis, in the lunar calendar, generally consisting of a dozen cycle of the moon or rather twelve months. Since the sum of twelve lunar cycle is not quite equal to the solar year, the extra month - called Almqahm month, or inserted - is added to the calendar from time to time. A number of ancient peoples relied on this method in the calculation of time, it has included the Babylonians and the Hebrews, Greeks, and Romans.